SHORT HISTORICAL NOTES XX

Historical notes

Historical notes on cancer.

CANCER means to us today 'malignant growth'. In spite of this specification it is a notion comparable in its vagueness and all-embracing character only to the expressions 'fever' or 'plague', as they were used four hundred years ago, the former embracing then such diverse diseases as malaria, typhus, or typhoid, the latter being applied to any kind ofdeadly epidemic, be it smallpox, bubonic pla...

Short Notes

Evaporative water loss (EWL) occurs principally across the skin (cutaneous water loss, CWL) of terrestrial reptiles (Shoemaker and Nagy, 1977; Mautz, 1982), but EWL also occurs across respiratory passages (respiratory water loss) and the eyes (ocular water loss) (Mautz, 1982). Over 70% of EWL in agamid lizards is from CWL (Eynan and Dmi’el, 1993). The factors determining the rate of CWL are ski...

Short Notes

It is shown that in the initial phase there are two basic types of similar folding of multiother. The dominant wave length obtained in foldlayered structures, referred to here al folding of ing of the second kind is the same as derived the first and second kind. denending on the orevapr&iously (Biot, 1961) assuming the incompetent lence of over-all flexure or hear. K simple Lory layers to act a...

Historical Notes on Hybrid Metaheuristics

1.1 INTRODUCTION Finding optimal solutions is in general computationally intractable for many com-binatorial optimization problems, e.g., those known as NP-hard [54]. The classical approach for dealing with this fact was the use of approximation algorithms, i.e., relaxing the goal from finding the optimal solution to obtaining solutions within some bounded distance from the former [61]. Unfortu...